AILET 2023 (Downforce), PSG 2 (12 Q's)

Passage 2

Our Summary:

1. Formula One cars need to generate downforce to remain on the ground at high speeds and improve their handling and grip on the track.
2. Downforce is created from the air flowing around the car and increases as the car's speed increases.
3. The inverted wings of an airplane can be used to generate downforce on a car.
4. Downforce is important for the performance of Formula One cars and can be balanced by the car's design to avoid oversteer or understeer.
5. Modern Formula One cars can generate up to 5 times their weight in downforce

Downforce is an important factor in the performance of Formula One cars, as it allows them to remain on the ground at high speeds and improve their handling and grip on the track. This is achieved by using the inverted wings of an airplane, which generate downward force as the car's speed increases. Downforce is balanced by the car's design to avoid oversteer or understeer, and modern Formula One cars can generate up to 5 times their weight in downforce. This allows them to achieve higher speeds and better performance on the track.

ENGLISH

Question 1:

Select the option that correctly sorts facts (F) and opinions (0).
i. Grand Prix is worth watching.
ii. Formula One cars are beautifully designed unlike other types of cars.
iii.-Symmetry is unable to address the downforce between the front and rear of a
racing car.
iv. The weight of a racing car has to be far less than the ground force generated.
*a) F- (ili) & (iv); O- (i) & (ii)

b) F- (i), (ii) & (ii); O- (iv)
c) F- (ii) & (ii); O- (i) & (iv)

d) F- (iv); O- (i), (ii) & (ii)

The first two are definitely opinions since they're subjective.   Last two are facts according to the article

Question 2

Select the idiomatic expression that addresses the given text, most appropriately.
a) A vicious cycle

b) Two can play at the game
c*) Dot the i's and cross the t's 

d) The tip of the iceberg

This idiom means that you've got to be very focussed on the details. The passage is technical and is definitely characteriing the engineering to be detailed.

Question 3

What type of text could the given piece, best be categorised under ?
a) analytical *b) expository c) descriptive d) inspirational

The given text provides a detailed explanation of how Formula One cars generate downforce, which is a type of force that helps them stay on the ground at high speeds. The text explains the role of downforce in motorsports and how it is generated by the wings and diffusers on a Formula One car. It also discusses the importance of balancing the downforce between the front and the rear of the car, and the consequences of having too much or too little downforce. Overall, the text aims to inform and educate the reader about the concept of downforce and its significance in Formula One racing. Therefore, the best category for this text would be expository.

Question 4

In the line, 'The alternative to this is to create the required force to stay grounded.',
what is the nature of meaning for 'staying grounded', that the writer DOES NOT
refer to ?
*(a) metaphorical b) exact c) non-figurative d) literal

In the given line, "the required force to stay grounded" refers to the downward force that a car needs to generate in order to remain on the ground at high speeds. The phrase "staying grounded" is used here to mean staying on the ground, and it is not used in a metaphorical or figurative sense. Therefore, the nature of meaning for "staying grounded" that the writer does not refer to is metaphorical.

Question 5

Select the most appropriate option as a concluding remark for the given text.
a) Racing regulations make it hard to gain an advantage over competitors.
*b) The total aerodynamic package of the race car is emphasized now more than
ever before.
c) We can understand the downforce concept both mathematically and logically.
d) Downforce ensures that cars are firmly planted on the road at speed.

d is definitely the focus of the passage. The other options aren't really specific. a) Not talking about competition, c) though true according to the passage, is not the broader perspective of the author. However, B is a good concluding sentence since it follows the flow and brings it into context. If you went with D, then you're answering the question - "what's the main idea of the passage?" Whereas the question asks - if this passage were to continue, what would be the author's concluding sentence

LOGIC

Question 6

In light of the above passage, If the orientation of the wings in a Formula One car were reversed (and all other things remain equal), the effective weight pressing down on the track would be X times the weight of the car. X is

a) 1

b) > 1

c) < 1

*d) Cannot be determined

The passage does not provide enough information to determine the value of X in this scenario. Reversing the orientation of the wings on a Formula One car would affect its ability to generate downforce, but the specific magnitude of this effect is not mentioned in the passage. Other factors, such as the design of the car's body and its speed, would also affect its downforce generation, so it is not possible to determine the value of X without further information.

Note: official answer is c - but that's NOT True based on the information given

Question 7 

A super car has a greater acceleration and top-speed compared to a Formula One car, but does not have wings that generate even half the downforce as compared to a Formula One car. The super car would still handily lose a race against a Formula one car. Which among the following statements is correct the race track ?

a) The race track is straight.

*b) The race track has at least a few turns.

C) The race track is made of soft, rubber-y surface.

d) The race track is made of asphalt.

Question 8:

Without downforce-generating apparatus in a Formula the driver would?
a) A Formula One car without any apparatus affecting apparatus affecting aerodynamics would act like
an aeroplane
b) Need to slow their car down to make turns.
c) Need to gain a lot of weight (or add weight to the car) to keep the car on the
ground.
*d) All the above

The passage states that downforce is important for the performance of Formula One cars, as it allows them to remain on the ground at high speeds and improve their handling and grip on the track. Without downforce-generating apparatus, such as the inverted wings of an airplane, a Formula One car would not have enough downward force to maintain its grip on the track at high speeds. This would make it difficult for the driver to navigate turns at high speeds, as the car would be more likely to lose its grip and stability. In such a situation, the driver would need to slow the car down to make turns safely. The other options are also implied in the passage

Question 9

Assume that an object enters into free-fall if the force attracting it towards the earth
is less than the force pushing it away from the earth. Further assume that all objects
on earth are pushed away from it with a force equal to 1G. A Formula One car,
therefore,. ?

a) Is in free-fall at all times during a race.
*b) Is not in free-fall at any time during a race.
c) Is in free-fall at some (but not all) times during a race.
d) Cannot be determined.

The passage states that Formula One cars generate downforce to remain on the ground at high speeds and improve their handling and grip on the track. This downward force helps the cars to maintain their grip on the ground, preventing them from taking off or entering into free-fall. Modern Formula One cars can generate up to 5 times their weight in downforce, which is more than enough to counteract the force pushing them away from the earth (1G). Therefore, it is unlikely that a Formula One car would be in free-fall at any time during a race. F1 cars are at 5G (mentioned in the passage) and 5G > 1G.  So pushing away is less than pushing towards. so b is true

Note: official answer is a, but the paper setters at NLU D didn't read the passage properly :P

Question 10

Downforce generated by the wings of a Formula One car creates force towards the
floor of the car thereby keeping the floor of the car closer to the surface it is being
driven on. As mentioned in the passage, this downforce can be around 5 times the
gravitational force exerted by the earth on the car. This implies that

a) A Formula One car, if driven at a high enough speed, can drive upside-down
in a tunnel (i.e., on the roof of the tunnel) without falling down.
*b) A Formula One car cannot drive upside-down in a tunnel (i.e., on the roof of the
tunnel) at all.
c) Gravity and downforce always act in the same direction.

d) Both b) and c)

The passage states that downforce generated by the wings of a Formula One car creates a downward force towards the floor of the car, helping it to maintain its grip on the ground. This downforce can be around 5 times the gravitational force exerted by the earth on the car, but this does not mean that the car can drive upside-down in a tunnel. The passage does not provide information about the specific conditions required for a car to drive upside-down in a tunnel, such as the speed and angle of the car, the shape and surface of the tunnel, and other factors. Therefore, it is not possible to determine if a Formula One car could drive upside-down in a tunnel based on the information provided in the passage. Option c) is also incorrect, as gravity and downforce do not always act in the same direction. Downforce is a force generated by the car to counteract the effects of gravity and maintain its grip on the ground, so it can act in a different direction than gravity.

Again: They didn't read the passage - the official answer of A is NOT true. 🤯

Question 11

In a race among ten drivers (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and J, who started in this
order, i.e. A started 1 St and J started 10th D, E and F made 2, 2, and 5 overtakes,
respectively. No one else made any overtakes. What are the new respective positions of D, E and F ?

a) 2nd and 3rd and 1 st
b) 3rd, 2nd and 1 St
c) 1 St, 2nd and 3rd
*d) Cannot be determined

The passage provides information about the starting order of the drivers in a race, the number of overtakes made by some of the drivers, and the initial position of the driver named J. However, it does not provide enough information to determine the new positions of drivers D, E, and F after the overtakes. The passage does not mention the specific order in which the overtakes were made, or the positions of the drivers when the overtakes occurred. This information is necessary to determine the new positions of the drivers after the overtakes. Without this information, it is not possible to determine the new positions of D, E, and F.)

Question 12

How many overtakes does a person starting 10th in a race need to make to get to the 1st position, assuming no other person makes any overtakes

*a) 9,