Our Summary of the passage
Wesley Hohfeld was a Harvard law professor who developed an analytical framework for understanding interests in property. Hohfeld's framework consists of eight terms arranged into two tables of "correlatives" and "opposites" that structure the internal relationships among different fundamental legal rights. The tables are: Jural Opposites: Right, Privilege, Power, Immunity; and Jural Correlatives: Right, Privilege, Power, Immunity. These interests exist on opposite sides of a pair of people involved in a legal relationship. A right can be enforced by a lawsuit against the person who has the correlative duty. A privilege negates the right and duty, and is typically used as an affirmative defense in the lawsuit. A power is the capacity to create or change a legal relationship. For example, when someone makes an offer of a contract, the offer gives the offeree the power to create a contract by accepting the offer (or not). When the power is exercised, both parties have rights and duties with respect to each other. A right to own property means that the person has various rights with respect to the thing constituting their property.
ENGLISH
25. The text is an example of a passage that is
a) literary *b) descriptive a) literary d) informative c) argumentative
The text is a detailed explanation of Wesley Hohfeld's analytical framework for understanding interests in property. The text provides definitions and examples of the different fundamental legal rights, such as rights, privileges, powers, and immunities. It also explains the concept of "jural opposites" and "jural correlatives," which are the internal relationships among these legal rights. The text does not make an argument, provide information about other philosophers or theories of rights, or discuss the legal consequences of violating rights. Instead, it simply describes and explains the concepts and terms used in Hohfeld's framework. Therefore, the best category for this text is descriptive
26. Select the words from the text that correctly substitutes following sentence: .
She gained exemption from the accountability of paying excessive maintenancewhen the apartment owner changed.
a) power, defence
b) privilege, offeree
c) respect, contract
*d) immunity, liability
The sentence in question states that the person gained exemption from accountability for paying excessive maintenance. In the passage, the word "immunity" is used to refer to exemption from accountability or responsibility, while "liability" is used to refer to the opposite concept of being accountable or responsible. Therefore, the words "immunity" and "liability" correctly substitute the words "exemption" and "accountability" in the sentence.
27. Which option includes a foreign word used in the English language from the text ?
a) correlative b) plaintiff *C) vis-a-vis d) grantee
28. Select the option that can be used as a title from the text.
a) All Rights Reserved b) Fine Print *c) Letter of the Law d) Burden of Proof
29. Select the option that includes information that is an appropriate fit into the passage.
a) Hegel, Kant, Hume and others say that 'right refers to the power of self-expression. However, Duguit opposes this vehemently. Another theorist of Rights is lhering, a great German jurist.
b) Human rights are those which considering their rationality, faith, age, race is intrinsic to all human beings. One of the great achievements of the U.N. is the creation of a comprehensive body of human rights law.
*c) A legal right is an interest accepted and protected by law. If these rights get violated then the person has the right to move the Court for enforcing rights.
d) Any debasement of any legal right is punishable by law. Employment and discrimination laws provide the legal framework defining an employee's rights to freedom from being discriminated against by the employer.
The answer to the question is option (c) because it is the only option that provides information that is relevant to the content of the passage. The passage discusses legal rights and their enforcement, so option (c), which discusses legal rights and their enforcement through the court system, is an appropriate fit into the passage.
LOGIC
1. vis-à-vis Y. If X has a right vis-à-vis everyone else, and Y has a privilege vis-à-vis X, then X has a _
*a) No-right b) Duty c) No-duty d) None of the above
If someone has a right vis-à-vis everyone else, and another person has a privilege vis-à-vis the first person, then the first person has a no-right with respect to the second person. This is because a privilege negates the right and duty, and a no-right is the opposite of a right.
2. X and Y enter into a contract that provides as follows : "The quantum and time of payment, if any, shall be determined by A on the basis of the parties' performance
of their obligations under this contract."
a) Immunity
b) Right Here, A has vis-à-vis X and Y.
*c) Power
d) Disability
In this case, A has the power to determine the quantum and time of payment based on the parties' performance of their obligations under the contract. This means that A has the ability to create or change the legal relationship between X and Y. A power exists with respect to someone else who has a liability.
3. Every person can travel on that road. Every person has any road, unless it is blocked by a person who owns that road. Every person has vis a vis _________ over the road
a) A right
*b) A privilege vis-à-vis the owner of the road.
c) An immunity
d) None of the above
In this case, every person has a privilege to travel on the road unless it is blocked by the person who owns the road. A privilege negates the right and duty, and in this case, the owner of the road has the right to block access to the road, so everyone else has a privilege to use it unless it is blocked. This privilege exists with respect to the person who has the right to block the road.
4. In the facts of the question above, the owner of the road has vis-à-vis______________everyone else.
*a) A right b) A privilege c) An immunity d) None of the above
In the facts of the question, the owner of the road has the right to block access to the road. This right exists with respect to everyone else who has a privilege to use the road unless it is blocked. A right can be enforced by a lawsuit against the person who has the correlative duty. In this case, the owner of the road has the right to block access to the road and everyone else has the duty not to use the road if it is blocked.
5. If A has a right to claim damages from B, then B has_________ to pay damages to A.
a) Duty *b) Liability c) Immunity d) Disability
If A has a right to claim damages from B, then B has a liability to pay damages to A. This is because a liability is the opposite of a power, and a power is the capacity to create or change a legal relationship. In this case, A has the power to create a legal relationship with B by claiming damages, and B has the liability to pay damages. A liability exists with respect to someone else who has an immunity.
6. The owner of land can lease the property to any other person. Under that lease, the owner can allow sub-leasing. The owner of the land has ______________vis-à-vis the property.
a) Right *b) Power c) Immunity d) Liability
In this case, the owner of the land has the power to lease the property to another person and allow sub-leasing. This means that the owner has the ability to create or change the legal relationship with the property. A power exists with respect to someone else who has a liability. In this case, the person who leases the property from the owner has a liability to comply with the terms of the lease, and the owner has the power to enforce the lease and allow sub-leasing.
7. If X infringes Y's copyright, Y can sue X. Y has vis-à-vis X.
*a) Right b) Power c) No-duty d) Immunity
If X infringes Y's copyright, Y has the right to sue X. This right exists with respect to X, who has the correlative duty not to infringe Y's copyright. A right can be enforced by a lawsuit against the person who has the correlative duty. In this case, Y can enforce their right to sue X for copyright infringement by filing a lawsuit against X.